During the first decade of the twentieth century, Manhattan enjoyed unprecedented growth and development. Waves of immigrants poured into New York each year and provided for their families by building the “skyscrapers”, bridges, and transportation systems which continue to support New Yorkers a century later.  The growing population and improved public transit system enabled people to move to Upper Manhattan where a rural-like atmosphere began to take on an ever increasing urban flavor. In 1908 the Rev. Patrick J. Mahoney was assigned to establish a parish in Washington Heights to relieve overcrowding at St. Elizabeth’s and St. Rose Of Lima Parishes. The new parish was christened Incarnation. To meet the new challenge, Father Mahoney rented a store at 1253 St. Nicholas Avenue between 172nd and 173rd Street and utilized it as a temporary chapel with the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass being offered there for the first time on Sunday, September 6, 1908. On November 1, 1908 he relocated his temporary chapel at a better site on the corner of St. Nicholas Avenue and 171st Street. By the end of the year, Incarnation had purchased eight lots at the corner of St. Nicholas Avenue and 175th Street for $78,000. The first step of establishing the center of the Parish, the altar about which all parish activity would revolve, had been accomplished. Three months after the opening of the chapel, Father Mahoney instituted a regular Sunday School program, with a priest, two Sisters of Charity and a number of lay teachers, to respond to the challenge of providing religious instructions for the children. His next task was to organize the Senior and Junior Holy Name Societies, the Children of Mary, the Sacred Heart Society, two young people’s clubs, the Incarnation Lyceum for young men, and a Young Women’s Club. To assist Father Mahoney in carrying out his emerging program, the Reverend Walter D. Slattery was assigned priest of Incarnation.  In the following year, 1909, an additional priest, Reverend Alexander McCarthy, was appointed to the Parish.                 Father Mahoney, well aware that the neighborhood continued to grow rapidly, determined that a complete school should be built.  Archbishop Farley laid the cornerstone for the new school on October 17, 1909 with Monsignor Michael J. Lavelle, Vicar General as preacher. Father Mahoney relocated the chapel to the newly constructed school auditorium and on February 6, 1910 the first Mass in the new chapel was offered. Incarnation School opened on September 12, 1910 with two Sisters of Charity from Mount Saint Vincent, Sister M. Auxilium, Principal and Second Grade Teacher, and Sister Mercedes, First Grade Teacher, comprising its staff. The school enrolled 103 children in its first year of operation, but this number quickly grew, almost doubling by 1912. Attendant upon the opening of the school was the founding of the Saint Aloysius Society for Boys and the Angels Society for Girls under the direction of Sister Auxilium.  As enrollment rose, so did the associated challenge of providing a convent for the larger staff of teaching Sisters that would soon be necessary. In the school’s first years, the Sisters lived at Saint Paul’s Convent in Harlem and commuted to Washington Heights everyday. However, on October 15, 1915 Incarnation alleviated the Sisters burden by establishing the school’s first convent located at 515 West 173rd Street. The first Graduation Exercise was held on June 29, 1916. Incarnation School had established a firm and enduring place in the Washington Heights Community. In 1918 Incarnation Parish eclipsed 3,000 parishioners. An ever-swelling student body resulted in the school adding two additional floors, which were completed in 1925. As the school expanded to better serve the larger student body, the church, which had been holding mass in the school auditorium since 1910, also began feeling the strain its parishioners were putting on the small auditorium.  The parishioners recognized a need for increased space and a more dignified atmosphere for religious services. Under the guidance of Monsignor Delaney, funds were raised for a new church and on October 28, 1928 the corner stone for the new church was laid.  The church was opened and dedicated by His Eminence Patrick Cardinal Hayes less than two years later on June 1, 1930. The people of Incarnation continued to support the church and school despite the hardships of the depression and by 1937 the parish counted over 10,000 parishioners 3/4 of whom were of Irish ancestry. The parish had 7,000 more worshippers than twenty years ago.     Approximately 1,400 students attended Incarnation School in 1937.  The additional two floors added to the building ten years prior was not enough to alleviate classroom overcrowding and the stress of teachers trying to educate classes crammed with students.  The school introduced a triple session thus allowing an 800 pupil school to accommodate 1,400 children. An increase in classes required a proportionate increase in staff and the old convent had already been over-crowded for some years. Monsignor Delaney knew that Incarnation must build again. He initiated a fundraising drive to realize the funds for a new convent. Property was purchased, construction began and the new convent was ready for occupancy in October of 1940. Hundreds of young men and women from Incarnation School bravely served their country in World War II. The school participated in the war-time drives of collecting tin goods, fabric, and other items that assisted the war effort.    By 1945 1,600 children were registered in the school. Monsignor Casey, in an effort to tackle the problems facing adolescent boys, invited the Christian Brothers to instruct the boys in the school’s upper grades. To house the Brothers Monsignor Casey became a builder like his predecessors.  He acquired two houses on 173rd Street and united them into one residence.  The Brothers visible and effective influence was exercised throughout the school day and well into the night with daily and wide ranging athletic programs.   With the addition of the Brothers, Monsignor Casey never thought to relegate to Sisters any position of lesser importance.  Far from it, by providing for the children and the Brothers, he carefully reckoned that the Sisters would enjoy the relieving of overcrowding in the Convent. No one had a deeper reverence and respect for Sisters. This no doubt was one reason why Monsignor Casey had been appointed by the Cardinal as Assistant Vicar for Religious, in which he was concerned with their well being and welfare. Always a neighborhood of immigrants, the postwar years saw an increase of Spanish speaking parishioners from Puerto Rico. Economic and political factors led to an influx of Cubans, Dominicans and families from Central and South America as well. Monsignor Waterson accepted the challenge to integrate the newest residents into parish activities and encouraged families to enroll their children in Incarnation School. It should be noted that Monsignor Waterson was a strong supporter of Incarnation School and was always willing to assist in any programs that would help the youth of the parish. In the nineteen seventies the school returned to single session.  Incarnation experienced an increase in the number of dedicated lay teachers as the Christian Brothers departed. During 1980's under the able and caring leadership of Sister Maureen Dunn, S.C., Incarnation continued to provide a solid academic and religious education to the children of Washington Heights.  School enrollment hovered around 630 students and there were 19 full time academic classroom teachers.   Incarnation offered Gym, Art and Music classes for each grade and students took advantage of a full time guidance program. The school library housed more than 5,000 books and almost 3,000 different audiovisual resources. Incarnation students participated in many diverse extracurricular activities such as yearbook, newspaper, Altar Boy Society, choral group, cheerleading, spelling bee, foreign mission activities, a school service program, art contest, talent show, author’s day, and the production of an Instructional Television program. Incarnation also offered a comprehensive sports program under the direction of future principal Mr. Ted Staniecki. Students in 3rd – 8th grade participated in intramural basketball, boys and girls junior and varsity basketball teams, track competitions and baseball teams. The Incarnation teams were very successful. The school staff volunteered their time to coach and mentor the students in all of these programs.     In 1996 Incarnation was featured in the Daily News for bringing forty 7th and 8th grade students to Fukuoka, Japan for a 10 day  educational excursion.  The students visited temples and shrines, cheered at a sumo-wrestling match and went to school with Japanese students who had been their pen pals for the school year.  Incarnation students lived with host families who immersed them in Japanese cuisine and culture.  The Japan trip was repeated in 1998 and 2002.  Students sold candy, washed cars and engaged in many other money raising activities to pay for the trips.  Luis Matos, a former Incarnation basketball coach and son of a former Incarnation Art and Spanish teacher, lived in Japan and was instrumental in orchestrating the trips. Today, Incarnation students and staff benefit from a recent school wide expansion of technological resources.  In the classroom, teachers project internet based lessons onto large touch sensitive screens.  Furthermore, entire classes have access to laptops, a number of educational software titles and wireless internet.  The librarian enjoys a fully automated library that allows students to check for the availability of any of the over 11,000 books from their classroom.     Incarnation’s newly created science lab has large science tables, microscopes and a host of child friendly science equipment.  The school looks forward to employing these innovative resources to continue teaching students of Washington Heights for the next 100 years.     The priests, sisters, brothers, and lay teachers who have served Incarnation School so faithfully over the years will long remain in the hearts and minds of those students whom they guided in both spiritual and academic matters. It is fitting to conclude this narrative looking to the future. The challenge of providing a firm Christian education remains.    We can only ask God’s blessing on Incarnation School so that the efforts that began 100 years ago can continue as long as they are needed by the children of Incarnation.